• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Aminoacyl tRNA synthetas

  2021-11-12

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the formation of an ester bond between an amino 4-IPP and the 3′ end of a tRNA in a two-step reaction. First, the amino acid is activated and an enzyme-bound adenylate intermediate is formed. Then, the amino acid is transferred

• ETV plays an important role

  2021-11-12

  

  ETV5 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. For example, chromosomal rearrangement of ETV5 which results in increased ETV5 level is believed as a common event driving human prostate cancer (Helgeson et al., 2008; Huang and Waknitz, 2009). Ghrelin/acyl-ghrelin also plays an importan

• The intestinal epithelium is the

  2021-11-12

  

  The intestinal epithelium is the first line of defense against pathogens and noxious agents and exerts a range of physiological activities, including digestion and Iberiotoxin of nutrients. The intestinal wall consists of a series of finger shaped protrusions called villi and invaginations known as

• A recent novel and important finding is that YAP

  2021-11-12

  

  A recent novel and important finding is that YAP connects cellular growth with anabolism; YAP suppresses the transcriptional induction of genes which importantly regulate gluconeogenesis in the liver; namely glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1

• Roughly million people who are currently infected

  2021-11-12

  

  Roughly 15 million people who are currently infected with HBV are co-infected with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) (WHO, 2017b). The superinfection not only leads to more severe liver damage and early onset of cirrhosis, but also to a higher mortality than HBV mono-infection (Rizzetto, 1983; WHO, 2017b)

• br Animal models of NASH The

  2021-11-11

  

  Animal models of NASH The human NAS system (see above) is largely reproducible in NAFLD mouse models [37] and, therefore, has been increasingly applied in the preclinical assessment of liver histological responses to test compounds. In general, the NAS system is well suited for this purpose, alth

• NEIL interacts with many DNA replication proteins including

  2021-11-11

  

  NEIL1 interacts with many DNA replication proteins including flap-endonuclease 1 (FEN-1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Werner RecQ helicase (WRN) through its disordered C-terminal part. One study showed that in in vitro condition, NEIL1 binds to the damaged enkephalin receptor in a

• br Funding This work was supported by the

  2021-11-11

  

  Funding This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB766 and GRK1708). Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global problem affecting about 3% of the world’s population [1], [2]. Mother-to-child transmission of HC

• Indeed our immunohistochemical analysis of skin tissue sampl

  2021-11-11

  

  Indeed, our immunohistochemical analysis of skin tissue samples without any pathology confirmed the expression of MR and GR. Extending earlier findings in rats (Shaqura et al., 2016a, Shaqura et al., 2016b), we demonstrate here that MR mainly colocalize with the nociceptive neuronal marker CGRP sugg

• In the small intestine digestion and

  2021-11-11

  

  In the small intestine, digestion and salidroside of the nutrients are the next processes with an impact on the resulting plasma profile. Normally, neither carbohydrate digestion nor absorption are limiting factors, which is illustrated by the rapid and extensive absorption of glucose in conditions

• While the apparent complexity of gap junction

  2021-11-11

  

  While the apparent complexity of gap junction regulation presents challenges, new technologies continue to propel the field forward. Advances in microscopy are increasingly able to capture rapid dynamics at the plasma membrane (e.g., biosensors [67] and lattice light sheet microscopy [100]) and to d

• The precise mechanism by which erastin inhibits SLC

  2021-11-11

  

  The precise mechanism by which erastin inhibits SLC7A11-mediated cystine import it still unknown. The initially proposed mechanism, by which erastin binds a related transport protein, SLC7A5, and inhibits SLC7A11 in trans [25], was revised soon after, and it was suggested that erastin inhibits SLC7A

• br Acknowledgement The authors would

  2021-11-11

  

  Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the University of Johannesburg and the National Research Foundation for the financial support. Mr. D Harris and Dr. R Meyer from Shimadzu South Africa are thanked for their technical support. Prof Ian Dubery is thanked for access to the LC-MS instru

• The stability and function of the HIF protein

  2021-11-11

  

  The stability and function of the HIF-1α protein are affected by many post-translational modifications (PTMs), including hydroxylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation [[29], [30], [31]]. It has been shown that HIF-1α stability is regulated by LSD1 [25]; in particular, the Set9 histone m

• br The SRP SR Heterodimer GTPase Tangos

  2021-11-10

  

  The SRP/SR Heterodimer: GTPase Tangos Drive Co-Translational Protein Targeting SRP and SR mediate a universally conserved protein targeting pathway responsible for the delivery of 25–30% of newly synthesized proteome to the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the bacterial plasma membrane 11

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