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The androgen receptor gene AR is located on the
2025-02-25
The androgen receptor gene (AR) is located on the X-chromosome and consists of eight exons in humans (Brown et al., 1989; Kuiper et al., 1989). The similar gene structure in mice, monotremes and marsupials indicates AR is highly conserved in mammals (Choong et al., 1998; Faber et al., 1991; He et al
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We stimulated HNEpC cells with LPS found that
2025-02-25
We stimulated HNEpC cells with LPS found that the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of AHR was increased significantly, and miR124 was reduced. It has been found that LPS as a foreign substance can bind to the TLR family of proteins to activate intracellular AHR signaling [[19],
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In addition we aimed to examine the possible role of
2025-02-25
In addition, we aimed to examine the possible role of adiponectin in modulating changes in IR. It was observed that there was a simultaneous decline in expression of IR and AdipoR1 proteins in the ovary of PCOS-mice as compared to the control ovary. Further, a strong correlation was found between ch
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HT receptors are distributed throughout
2025-02-25
5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and PS-341 (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 1989, Bufton et al.,
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Fluconazole Introduction Mammalian cells express the
2025-02-25
Introduction Mammalian Fluconazole express the seven STAT family members STAT1, −2, −3, −4, −5A, −5B, and −6 [1], [2]. All STATs exert physiologically important roles as homo- and heterodimers [2], [3], [4]. Cytokines and growth factors activate STATs through the activation of kinases that phospho
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The rapidity of this specific immunosuppressive
2025-02-25
The rapidity of this specific immunosuppressive therapy suggests that it inhibits or apoptoses plasma cells. Most serum autoantibodies to AChR are produced by long-lived plasma cells residing in spleen and bone marrow. These terminally differentiated cells are resistant to most non-specific immunosu
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br Free entry equilibrium At stage of the game n
2025-02-25
Free entry equilibrium At stage 2 of the game, n ≥ 2 firms simultaneously decide whether or not to enter the industry. Market entry involves a sunk fixed cost f > 0, which we assume cannot be subtracted from the tax base. Our assumption reflects that deductions of market entry costs are often in
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br Author contributions br Competing interests br Transparen
2025-02-25
Author contributions Competing interests Transparency document Acknowledgments This research was funded by a TOP ZonMW grant (40-00812-98-10054) to R.O.E., a DFG grant (KR4391/1-1) and IZKF Erlangen grant (J36) to A.K. and supported in part by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de
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br Conclusions Extract of non germinated winter rape
2025-02-24
Conclusions Extract of non-germinated winter rape seeds cv. Bellevue was screened for the aminopeptidase activity. It revealed broad substrate specificity, with the highest activity toward Phe-pNA. Also in the partially purified sample, phenylalanine was preferentially hydrolysed. PMSF, known ser
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Based on their different sources the
2025-02-24
Based on their different sources, the APN inhibitors (APNIs) can be divided into the natural products and synthetic compounds. Bestatin (1, Fig. 1), isolated from the Streptomyces oliuoreticuli by Umezawa et al., is the first reported and only marketed natural dipeptidomimetic inhibitor of APN. Afte
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In view of the ubiquitous distribution of the
2025-02-24
In view of the ubiquitous distribution of the arachidonate 12S-lipoxygenase isoforms and the variety of cellular reactions influenced by the resulting arachidonate metabolites, these products widely play important roles in many biological systems. The development of new type-specific inhibitors of t
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Genistein The role of the adaptive immune response in
2025-02-24
The role of the adaptive immune response in AD is not fully understood and previous studies are controversial. In this context, serum levels of T and B lymphocytes were found to be reduced in AD patients, suggesting a decline of the immune response during the course of the disease (Richartz-Salzburg
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br Introduction Alcohol i e ethanol is
2025-02-24
Introduction Alcohol, i.e., ethanol, is absorbed into the blood from the stomach to the small intestine, then distributed throughout the body. The metabolism of alcohol converting to acetic Rifabutin basically involves two enzymes; alcohol dehydrogenase converting ethanol to acetaldehyde and ald
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Acetaminophen N acetyl p aminophenol AAP Fig is a
2025-02-24
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, AAP) (Fig. 1) is a medically important, low cost, readily available and commonly used over the counter analgesic and antipyretic drug [18,19]. Acetaminophen monotherapy is efficient and is safer than Aspirin and Ibuprofen [20]. The efficacy and tolerability in
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Fmoc-Ala-OMe Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysic
2025-02-24
Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysical tools used in the study of biomolecular structures, including those of proteins. UV–Vis Fmoc-Ala-OMe spectroscopy makes use of absorption property of the protein peptide backbone at around 218 nm, and aromatic amino acid residues primarily at around