• The present study determined the effect of DCA

  2024-12-31

  

  The present study determined the effect of DCA on VSMC calcification in vitro and in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice in vivo. We found that lipid peroxidation non-toxic concentrations of DCA, did not affect VSMC viability, induced calcification of VSMC in culture and increased atherosclerotic vascular

• br Hypoadiponectinemia in metabolic syndrome

  2024-12-31

  

  Hypoadiponectinemia in metabolic syndrome APN belongs structurally to the complement 1q family and is found at high concentrations (>0.01% of total protein) in the serum of healthy individuals [6]. Given the abundance of APN in plasma, it is assumed that alterations in plasma levels of APN might

• br Introduction br Rac dependent ROS and actin regulation

  2024-12-31

  

  Introduction Rac1-dependent ROS and droperidol regulation in neuronal functions NOX-mediated ROS have an important role as physiological messengers. One remarkable example regarding such a function is during axonal formation. In this line, increased p40phox/NOX2 levels and co-localization at

• br Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune diseas

  2024-12-31

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies against targets on the postsynaptic muscle membrane cause neuromuscular transmission failure. About 85% of patients with MG have autoantibodies against MRS 2179 tetrasodium salt receptor (AChR) [1]. In AChR negative

• Until now five muscarinic receptor M genes have been cloned

  2024-12-31

  

  Until now, five muscarinic receptor (M1-5) genes have been cloned, but, M1-3 receptors are functionally recognized in the lungs. Smooth muscle contraction is mainly mediated by M3. M2 may also participate in the contraction via Gi protein which leads to a decrease in cAMP. On the other hand, M2 is l

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cancer

  2024-12-31

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in the United States for those between the ages of 40–79 years, surpassing heart diseases by more than 100,000 deaths [1]. The cause of most cancer subtypes remains idiopathic and may arise out of ‘bad luck’ among otherwise

• br Autophagy in hemorrhagic stroke About of all strokes case

  2024-12-31

  

  Autophagy in hemorrhagic stroke About 87% of all strokes cases are ischemic, the rest being hemorrhagic. ICH and SAH are the two major categories of hemorrhagic strokes (Bruder et al., 2014). Both types of stroke are associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. The corresponding animal mo

• vasopressin receptor antagonist br Concluding remarks and fu

  2024-12-30

  

  Concluding remarks and future perspectives While the rational engineering of protein-based switches has yet to be fully developed, emerging empirical rules facilitate the construction of tailor-engineered vasopressin receptor antagonist with custom input and output parameters. Both in the contex

• Many naphthoquinone derivatives have been previously obtaine

  2024-12-30

  

  Many naphthoquinone derivatives have been previously obtained from fungi in the genus Fusarium isolated from various sources, F. oxysporum from the root of citrus (Nagia and El-Mohamedy, 2007), Fusarium sp. (No. b77) from the mangrove plant (Shao et al., 2010), F. solani and F. oxysporum from fibrou

• Physical and chemical preservatives such

  2024-12-30

  

  Physical and chemical preservatives such as ultraviolet and ɣ-rays irradiation, sulphur and aluminium phosphide fumigation, etc, have been introduced to inhibit the growth of fungi. Nevertheless, due to the potential decomposition reactions and residues, as well as their own potential toxicity, and

• Since primitive societies plants herbs and

  2024-12-30

  

  Since primitive societies, plants, herbs and seeds, rich in phytochemicals, were used due to their benefits in human health. These molecules were shown to present a diverse array of action mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, enzyme stimulation, hormones mimicking and by interfering with DNA

• br Conflict of interest statement br Introduction Tanshinone

  2024-12-30

  

  Conflict of interest statement Introduction Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a major active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza), a well-known Chinese traditional medicine that is used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [1]. Tan IIA exhibits diverse pharm

• Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs

  2024-12-30

  

  Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracellular signaling cascades including Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin. The spatiotemporal abundance of this Ca2+/CaM complex determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, resulting in LTP (Malinow

• br Discussion Herein we demonstrate that

  2024-12-30

  

  Discussion Herein, we demonstrate that mice deficient in L-12/15 LO are more sensitive to 3-NP-induced toxicity although a substantial individual variability in striatal lesion size in response to 3-NP in both genotypes was observed. This variability is not atypical; several studies demonstrate s

• In addition to plasma membrane

  2024-12-30

  

  In addition to plasma membrane sites, OCT3 was also observed associated with endomembranes, including mitochondrial membranes, with particularly strong expression in the outer nuclear membranes of both neurons and astrocytes (Gasser et al., 2017), indicating that, in addition to regulating extracell

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